The fourth industrial revolution, or Industry 4.0, is forging an exciting era in manufacturing where traditional factories are transformed into smart hubs of technology and innovation. This transformation is powered by a confluence of advancements in automation, data analytics, and the Internet of
3D printing, or Additive Manufacturing (AM), has ushered in a production paradigm shift, enabling intricate designs that defy traditional manufacturing capabilities. By incrementally constructing objects from digital models, AM not only champions complexity but also excels in reducing material
